Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J. 2004. Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly 28 (1) pp. 75-105.

• http://em.wtu.edu.cn/mis/jxkz/sjkx.pdf (maybe unofficial link, grab it now)

Järvinen, P. 2004. On research methods. Opinpaja Oy. Tampere.

• available for purchase: http://granum.uta.fi

Simon, H.A. 1996. The Sciences of the Artificial. 3rd edition. The MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

• http://books.google.fi/books/about/The_Sciences_of_the_Artificial_3rd_Editi.html?id=k5Sr0nFw7psC&redir_esc=y

von Wright, G.H. 1971. Explanation and Understanding. Cornell University Press. Ithaca.

• hard to find paper on internet, Book: http://books.google.fi/books/about/Explanation_and_Understanding.html?id=ehBxcgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Kiikeri, M., Ylikoski, P. 2004. Tiede tutkimuskohteena. Filosofinen johdatus tieteentutkimukseen. Gaudeamus. Helsinki.

• http://granum.uta.fi/granum/kirjanTiedot.php?tuote_id=10695

1. Positivistic science

• to understand causalities
• to explain
• to predict
• to control
• empirical, natural science view

2. Hermeneutical science

• to understand motives
• to interpret
• theological bases, humanities

3. Desing science

• to construct
• to improve
• to evaluate